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The hard throwers in the study were only throwing about 85 mph. Here we can see Billy Wagner getting approx 180 of external rotation or “layback”, but we also have to consider the fact that he is going down the mound which makes this 180 closer to 200 which is why he was throwing 100 mph when it wasn’t as common as it is today. published a study that reported harder throwers had 179 degrees of external rotation while the slower throwers were only able to demonstrate 166 degrees. Having larger amounts of external rotation has been shown to distinguish “fast” from “slow” throwers in previous research. Compared to chimps humans have 10-20 degrees less humeral torsion which allows for bigger ranges of motion like we see on the right. We want more retroversion and less torsion to create bigger ranges of motion. You have probably heard of the term “retroversion” which is used to describe the same thing as humeral torsion, the only difference is the angle that you are measuring. Humeral torsion is a term used to describe the twisted shape of the humeral shaft.
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Laterally Orientated Glenohumeral Joint.The previous article quickly touched on how this ability to throw played an important role in the evolution of the human species while going into great detail about one of three traits that allow humans to throw way harder than our closest relatives in the animal kingdom, the chimp. This article is going to continue to look at how the human body was designed to take advantage of elastic energy and throw better than any other species on earth.
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